Public spending accounts for more than 40% of Spanish GDP, and much of this expenditure is conditioned by the demographic structure: children and young people in the educational system, pensions for retirees, various types of medical care, etc. At the same time, according to the Time Use Survey (TUS) of the National Institute of Statistics (INE), households annually contribute, via unpaid work, a volume of work equivalent to 28 million full-time jobs. No economic or social policies can be made for the future without taking into account this demographic framework.
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