The goal of the awards, as stated in the call conditions, is “to advance the goals of Spanish researchers working in Statistics and Operations Research,” and, by recognizing excellence in these two disciplines, “to promote their transmission to society at large.” The plaudits in this edition have gone to five papers produced by researchers at universities or research centers in Madrid, Catalonia, Andalusia, Castilla y León and Cantabria, with the collaboration of scientists from other countries including the United States, Canada, Belgium and Turkey. Their award-winning contributions have been published in high-impact international journals, driving new theoretical and methodological advances of widespread significance.

Statistics deals with data analysis, the relating of mathematical models to reality, while the aim of Operations Research is to optimize decision making. Nowadays vast amounts of data are generated in every area of research, but for these data to be interpreted so they serve as useful information requires equipping our increasingly powerful computers with the right mathematical tools. Hence the growing centrality of statistics and operations research, the two disciplines that generate the tools needed for data analysis across all branches of science, and which underlie many of the advances we now take for granted, from search engines to our smartphone apps.

The awards, funded with 6,000 euros in each of their five categories, are bestowed for excellence in scientific contributions published in the last five years. Their authors must be researchers of Spanish nationality, or or those of other nationalities that have conducted their investigation in a university or scientific center in Spain. They may also go to persons of any nationality for contributions made in collaboration with one or more Spanish nationals.

This partnership between the BBVA Foundation and SEIO to recognize and highlight the talent of Spanish researchers in Statistics and Operations Research joins three more annual award programs that the Foundation co-organizes, with Spanish scientific societies; namely the Physics Awards with the Spanish Royal Physics Society (RSEF), the Vicent Caselles Mathematical Research Awards with the Spanish Royal Society of Mathematics (RSME), and the Computer Science Research Awards with the Spanish Society of Computer Science (SCIE).

AWARDEES

Best methodological contribution in Statistics

Professors Eustasio del Barrio (Professor of Statistics and Operations Research at the University of Valladolid), Marc Hallin (Emeritus Professor of Mathematics at the Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium), Juan Cuesta-Albertos (Professor of Statistics and Operations Research at the University of Cantabria) and Carlos Matrán (Professor of Statistics and Operations Research at the University of Valladolid) receive the award for the best methodological contribution in Statistics for “Distribution and Quantile Functions, Ranks, and Signs in Dimension d: A Measure Transportation Approach,” published in Annals of Statistics. This paper puts forward a new technique to compare data obtained under different experimental conditions, a core aspect of the scientific method of cross-cutting utility in all areas of research.

“We could, for instance, compare peas produced under two different conditions, let’s say A and B, by reference to their diameters,” Del Barrio explains. “In his correspondence with Charles Darwin, Francis Galton proposed comparing the smallest type-A pea with the smallest of type B, then the second smallest of type A with the second smallest of type B, etc., and then counting how often type A came out below type B. This simple idea has surprisingly good statistical properties, but is constrained to measurements of just one magnitude, meaning comparisons are inevitably simplistic (peas can differ in many other measurable characteristics). Our work enables a correct comparison of samples where several magnitudes are being measured simultaneously.”

This innovative methodology is already being applied to the analysis of oceanographic data in Pacific waters, to assess the impact of overfishing, and for data “repair” in AI applications, to prevent algorithmic discrimination against certain minorities.

Best methodological contribution in Operations Research

The award for the best methodological contribution in Operations Research has gone to Roi Naveiro (Professor of Quantitative Methods at CUNEF University), Tahir Ekin (Steven R. Gregg Associate Professor of Quantitative Methods at Texas State University, United States), David Ríos Insua (Research Professor in the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, ICMAT, of the Spanish National Research Council) and Alberto Torres Barrán (Chief Technology Officer at Komorebi AI S.L.) for the paper “Augmented Probability Simulation Methods for Sequential Games,” published in the European Journal of Operational Research.

The article is framed in the novel field of adversarial machine learning. Machine learning or AI algorithms are used as a decision-making input in more and more areas of society, from health to finance, and are also a key component of driverless cars. But they are vulnerable to attacks with potentially severe consequences. Adversarial machine learning was developed to find ways to defend algorithms against this kind of hacking.

Its mathematical basis, game theory, has certain issues that get in the way of its application to adversarial machine learning. The award-winning paper proposes a decisive step towards solving these problems, based on adversarial risk analysis. In the view of the committee, it provides a “robust framework” which “constitutes an important contribution in adversarial risk analysis with strong applications in adversarial machine learning approaches.” For Naveiro, its “natural applications lie in the world of security and cyber security,” and it is precisely in this realm that the authors locate a case study illustrating the usefulness of their proposal. The idea going forward is to develop an algorithm that will aid firms in deciding which cyber security tools are right for them, setting their cost against the client’s vulnerability to attacks.

Best applied contribution in Statistics

Pablo Morales-Álvarez (Assistant Professor of Statistics and Operations Research at the University of Granada), Pablo Ruiz (data scientist at Chartboost), Scott Coughlin (computational specialist with Northwestern IT Research Computing Services at Northwestern University, United States), Rafael Molina (Professor of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence at the University of Granada) and Aggelos K. Katsaggelos (Joseph Cummings Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Northwestern University, United States) win the award for the Best applied contribution in Statistics for their paper “Scalable Variational Gaussian Processes for Crowdsourcing: Glitch Detection in LIGO,” which appeared in IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

In this paper, described by the committee as “highly innovative” and “published in one of the leading journals in the field,” the authors apply a statistical method to the detection of gravitational waves, perturbations in the space-time fabric caused by violent events like the fusion of two black holes. The systematic detection of such phenomena – predicted by Einstein’s Theory of Relativity in 1915 and observed experimentally for the first time in 2015 –, is “a costly process, since detector technology is highly sensitive to different sources of noise,” Pablo Morales-Álvarez explains. In this research, he says, “we used a statistical technique known as Gaussian Processes to automatically classify the different noise signals obtained by the detector.”

Another feature of the project is that it is partly a product of citizen science, with “over 30,000 volunteers providing more than seven million labels for more than one million signals,” the scientist points out. “This labeling technique using non-experts, and the huge amount of data available, posed significant methodological challenges.”

Best applied contribution in Operations Research

Jessica Rodríguez-Pereira (Ramón y Cajal researcher at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya), Burcu Balçık (Professor of Industrial Engineering at the University of Ozyegin, Turkey), Marie-Ève Rancourt (Professor in the Department of Logistics and Operations Management at HEC Montréal, Canada) and Gilbert Laporte (Professor Emeritus in the Department of Decision Sciences at HEC Montréal, Canada) take the award for Best applied contribution in Operations Research for their paper “A Cost-Sharing Mechanism for Multi-Country Partnerships in Disaster Preparedness,” published in Production and Operations Management.

This study, which the committee describes as “an interesting application of operations research in humanitarian partnership,” focuses on multinational cooperation to aid in disaster preparedness in the Caribbean region by means of a joint emergency supplies network. “Given the growing frequency and severity of natural disasters throughout the world, collaborative practices can provide an efficient way for countries to share risks and resources. For this kind of collaboration to succeed, its cost must be equitably shared among members and be to the benefit of each,” says Jessica Rodríguez-Pereira, whose research team enjoyed the collaboration of the Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA).

“Together we have developed a method that equitably allocates the collaboration budget among the participating countries,” she explains. “Our method takes its principles from the world of insurance, and factors in the characteristics of all member countries in terms of risk level and economic standing.” The award-winning mechanism makes it possible to derive and analyze various “fair and transparent” cost-sharing schemes, in the words of the researcher, which can be used to support collaboration and negotiation processes.

Best contribution in Statistics and Operations Research applied to Data Science and Big Data

Andre Groeger (Ramón y Cajal researcher at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Hannes Mueller (tenured researcher in the Institute for Economic Analysis of the Spanish National Research Council), Jonathan Hersh (Associate Professor of Economics and Management Science at Chapman University, California, United States), Andrea Matranga (Researcher at Università di Torino, Italy) and Joan Serrat (Associate Professor of Computer Science at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) are recognized in the category Best contribution in Statistics and Operations Research applied to Data Science and Big Data for their paper “Monitoring War Destruction from Space Using Machine Learning,” published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The project in question marks a qualitative advance in the assessment of war destruction. Until now, analysis of building damage in war zones provided only sketchy and biased information, as the work was mostly done by hand. With this in mind, the authors propose a machine learning algorithm that compares satellite images obtained over time to generate data on war destruction of unprecedented accuracy, frequency and coverage.

“The innovation lies in the exploration of machine learning and statistical validation ideas to harness the power of ever-increasing availability of satellite images in the modern era,” said the committee in its citation. The award-winning algorithm was designed with images of the Syrian civil war between 2013 and 2017, and the researchers now aim to apply it to the war in Ukraine. “I like to think my work can contribute positively to the course of human development,” remarks team member Groeger.

International committee

The international committee has a membership proposed by SEIO and the BBVA Foundation. Chairing the committee on this occasion was Ana Paula Barbosa Póvoa, Professor of Operations and Logistics and Head of the Engineering and Management Department in the Instituto Superior Técnico at the University of Lisbon (Portugal). Its members were: Claudia Archetti, Professor of Operations Research at ESSEC Business School (France); Araceli Garín, Professor in Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business at the University of the Basque Country (Spain); Xuming He, H. C. Carver Professor of Statistics at the University of Michigan (United States); Martine Labbé, Professor in the Graphs and Mathematical Optimization Unit at the Université Libre de Bruxelles (Belgium); and Daniel Peña, Emeritus Professor of Statistics at the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) (Spain).

About SEIO

SEIO is a non-profit organization whose purposes include the advancement of Statistics and Operations Research in Spain through the promotion of research, its dissemination to society, and the improvement of education at all levels. Its main goals are to communicate the quality and achievements of Statistics and Operations Research, to promote their teaching and learning, to apprise the public of the importance of both disciplines for technological, economic and social development, and to serve as a reference point in all matters relating to science and technology.

About the BBVA Foundation

The BBVA Foundation is an expression of the BBVA Group’s engagement with the promotion of knowledge and innovation as the most effective means to expand out individual and collective choices. Its activity centers on support for scientific research (through research projects, grants and collaboration with scientific institutions), the recognition of talent through families of awards organized alone or in conjunction with scientific societies, and the wider dissemination of knowledge and culture. Its diverse programs, run directly or in partnership with leading institutions and organizations, are focused primarily on the areas of Basic Sciences, Biology and Biomedicine, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Economics and Social Sciences, Statistics, Big Data and AI, Information and Communication Technologies, Humanities, Music and the Arts.