Lack of basic work since 1974 to make the Social Security system more standardized has led to a consolidation of contradictions, inconsistencies, situations of over- and under-protection, incitements to fraud, imbalances, etc. This research addresses these problems and provides proposals that can help rationalize the system and rearrange some of its protective structures. The study is divided into three blocks: unemployment; the impact of risk on restructuring the system of protection; and pensions. It constitutes one of the contributions to the research Pensiones y prestaciones por desempleo (Pensions and Unemployment Benefits (Fundación BBV, page 66).