The importance of demographic changes in the proposals related to employment inactivity has been broadly accepted, and the factors with the biggest impact on this problem are generally the aging population and low birth rate, which are current demographic features of developed countries. This research aims to position the influence of structures and the demographic dynamics on the most relevant aspects for employment inactivity, with respect to the Spanish case. The work constitutes a contribution to the research Pensiones y prestaciones por desempleo (Pensions and Unemployment Benefits) (Fundación BBV, page 66).